Before the Civil Rights Movement, educational and career opportunities for African-American children were very limited. From Wiz Kid to PC Manager Backstory – Annie Easley (In-school performance). In 1957 the Soviets launched Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit the Earth, and the space race heated up. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. She was a leading member of the team which developed software … Annie J. Easley (April 23, 1933 – June 25, 2011) was an African-American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist. Annie J. Easley (April 23, 1933 – June 25, 2011) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist. However the only pharmacy program in the region had recently closed. Maria Agnesi would have received education only in religion, household management, and dressmaking were it not for her diligent mind and the interest of her father, who encouraged his daughter’s education in philosophy and science. [7], Throughout the 1970s, Easley advocated for and encouraged female and minority students at college career days to work in STEM careers. ." Worked at NACA ... 10 Historical Events that shaped Public Education. She belonged to the Speakers Bureau and gave talks on the technological spin-offs of NASA's research. I will get the email and I'll send it, but I don't play with it. Easley was the daughter of Bud and Willie Sims McCrory of Birmingham. The technical genius behind the Apple I and II microcomputers that launched Apple Computer, Inc., Stephen…, Rod Adkins 1958– She was raised by her mother, a great encourager, and excelled in school. [1][14], American mathematician and rocket scientist, "Easley, Annie J.: American Computer Scientist" in, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, List of African-American women in STEM fields, "Annie Easley helped make modern spaceflight possible", "Annie Jean Easley: Engineer, mathematician, and rocket scientist", "Meet Annie Easley, the barrier-breaking mathematician who helped us explore the solar system", "Annie Easley, Computer Scientist and Mathematician", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annie_Easley&oldid=992113439, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 15:50. African-American children were educated separately from white children, and their schools were often inferior to white schools. She was a leading member of the team which developed software … Easley told Johnson: "There was a real pride in being able to have talent, resources, and knowing that we could get in here and really, really do something great." She encouraged Annie to get a good education. It's not like this fascinating thing I play with. [4], In 1950, Easley enrolled in classes at Xavier University in New Orleans,[3] which was then an African-American Roman Catholic University, and majored in pharmacy for about two years. Johnson: Today is August 21, 2001. She worked for the Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). She was also responsible for monitoring electricity use at Lewis. [1] Before the Civil Rights Movement, educational and career opportunities for African-American children were very limited. She worked for the Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Before the Civil Rights Movement, educational and career opportunities for African-American children were very limited. From the fifth grade through high school, Annie attended Holy Family High School, and was valedictorian of her graduating class. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Apart from all of her degrees and diplomas, and as part of continuous education, Annie Easley worked through specialization courses offered by NASA. In 1954 she married and briefly returned to Birmingham. She lived there until she left for college at Xavier University in New Orleans, Louisiana. Taking up skiing in her 40s, she founded and served as the first president of the NASA Lewis Ski Club. https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/easley-annie-j, "Easley, Annie J. [10] She continued her education while working for the agency, and in 1977, obtained a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from Cleveland State University. Easley and her brother, six years older, were raised by their single mother. (With others) Performance and Operational Economics Estimates for a Coal Gasification Combined-Cycle Cogeneration Powerplant, NASA Technical Memo 82729, March, 1982. Easley started off studying pharmacy. Easley sometimes traveled to Cape Canaveral, Florida, to observe the launches. Education: Xavier University, New Orleans, LA, 1952-54; Cleveland State University, BS, mathematics, 1977. IBM Executive Annie Easley was born to Samuel Bird Easley and Mary Melvina Hoover in Birmingham, Alabama. With massive cuts in the NASA space program, Easley began working on energy problems. As part of a continuing education, Easley worked through specialization courses offered by NASA. Mathematician, computer programmer, educator This was one of the formal ways that she helped her supervisors at NASA address discrimination complaints from all levels. Annie J. Easley Interviewed by Sandra Johnson Cleveland, Ohio – 21 August 2001. Easley worked in the Computer Services Division, performing complex mathematical calculations for the engineering staff. Annie J. Easley died on June 25, 2011, at the age 78. However, the date of retrieval is often important. NACA became NASA. Explore Annie Easley's biography, personal life, family and cause of death. Annie Jean Easley was born in 1933 and raised by her single mother in Birmingham, Alabama. She worked for the Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). In the 1970s she started taking two, then three classes, while working full-time. [6], Easley's outreach for minorities did not end with her volunteer work at college career days. Her legacy continues to inspire countless students to make an impact in the STEM field. [12], Her 34-year career included developing and implementing computer code that analyzed alternative power technologies, supported the Centaur high-energy upper rocket stage, determined solar, wind and energy projects, identified energy conversion systems and alternative systems to solve energy problems. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Annie Easley: A Lifetime of Shooting for the Stars. Born Annie J. Easley on April 23, 1933, in Birmingham, AL; married 1954 (divorced). One day in 1955 Easley read a newspaper story about twin sisters who worked as computers at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), NASA's predecessor at the Lewis Research Center in Cleveland. Later she became one of the first black computer programmers, working on alternative-energy technologies, energy-conservation systems, and the Centaur launch system. Easley studied pharmacy for two years at Xavier University, a black Catholic school in New Orleans, Louisiana. Audience Size: 250 Number of Performances Per Day: 2 Length of Performance: 45 minutes Setup Time: 1 hour Teardown Time: 1 hour This performance supports the following NYS Learning Standards for the Arts: She was a leading member of the team which … Sammmons, Vivian Ovelton, Blacks in Science and Medicine, Hemisphere, 1990. Available Tuesday and Thursday mornings, February 5 – April 25, 2019. This interview with Annie Easley is being conducted as part of the NASA Headquarters History Office “Herstory” Project. She had to take a test and pay money just to vote. Annie J. Easley (April 23, 1933 – June 25, 2011) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist. Before the Civil Rights Movement, educational and career opportunities for African-American children were very limited. Easley was denied financial aid that other employees received for education, without explanation from the agency. The Annie E. Casey Foundation is devoted to developing a brighter future for children at risk of poor educational, economic, social and health outcomes. Ask one of our equity consultants to customize the right solution for your situation. At the time Easley was one of only four blacks among the agency's 2,500 employees. Eckert, J. See more Biography timelines. We’re a national leader in DEI (diversity, equity, and inclusion) training. Easley … Outside of Lewis Easley tutored school children and high-school dropouts who were returning to school. HOPPER, GRACE MURRAY Revitalized Ailing UNIX Division She had to pay for her own schooling, even though NASA paid tuition for others. After Easley's husband was discharged from the military, the couple moved to Cleveland, Ohio, to be near his family. However in high school she began thinking about becoming a pharmacist. During the 1970s Easley worked on a project examining damage to the ozone layer. Focused on Company Future and Minorities Unfortunately, the local university had ended its pharmacy program a short time before and no nearby alternative existed. WOZNIAK, STEPHEN GARY Apr 23, 1933. Easley's social life was centered at Lewis. It was the dawn of the space age and the United States was competing with the Soviet Union. Following the energy crisis of the late 1970s Easley studied the economic advantages of co-generating power plants that obtained byproducts from coal and steam. When a photo of Easley and her coworkers was enlarged for display at a laboratory open house, her face was cut out of the picture. I ain't afraid to shoot him either. She was a leading member of the team which developed software for the Centaur rocket stage,[3] and was one of the first African-Americans to work as a computer scientist at NASA. [8], In 1955, she read a story in a local newspaper about twin sisters who worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) as "computers". computer sciences, programming languages, COBOL. She lived there until she left for college at Xavier University in New Orleans, Louisiana. We will help you create a culture where everyone can reach their full potential. Born Annie J. Easley on April 23, 1933, in Birmingham, AL; married 1954 (divorced). She also belonged to the running club and the Suggestion Awards Committee. Annie J. Easley spent her 34-year career working for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). From the fifth grade through hi… “Moving f…, Hopper, Grace Murray The work sounded so interesting that the following day Easley applied for a job there. Toward the end, she took a three-month leave without pay to finish up, earning her Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from Cleveland State University in 1977. Annie J. Easley (April 23, 1933 – June 25, 2011) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist. An admiral who never went to sea, Hopper owed her success…, Education and Training: College Contemporary Black Biography. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/easley-annie-j. . Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. [10] Despite her long career and numerous contributions to research, she was cut out of NASA's promotional photos. During her 34-year career, she worked not only on technologies that led to hybrid vehicles, but also on software that enabled great strides in spaceflight and exploration. She was a leading member of the team which developed software … [6], Easley's work with the Centaur project helped lay the technological foundations for future space shuttle launches and launches of communication, military and weather satellites. "Annie J. Easley," World of Computer Science, Gale Group, 2002. “I just thought it would be fascinating,” she said in a NASA oral history interview. And if that wasn’t notable enough, Easley also did all of this as one of the first few African-Americans in her field. One of her studies involved determining the life of storage batteries used in electric vehicles. Grades: 5-12 Max. Agnesi went on to the write the earliest … She worked for the Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Annie Easley had never heard of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) when she read an article about twin sisters who were “human computers” at … Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Discover the real story, facts, and details of Annie Easley. She developed and implemented computer programs for determining solar wind and for solving problems of energy monitoring and conversion, including technologies for wind power and solar energy. . At NASA she took upon herself to be an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) counselor. She worked at NASA for over 34 years, and despite her long career and various contributions to research and development, Annie was cut out of NASA’s promotional photos. Born in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1933, Easley was raised by a single mother who instilled the value of education at a very early age. ." As a black woman born before the Civil Rights Movement, her educational and career opportunities were limited. For part of that period she worked a six-day flexible schedule. Black Contributors to Science and Energy Technology, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Public Affairs, 1979, p. 19. [9] She applied for a job the next day, and was hired two weeks later - one of four African Americans of about 2500 employees. From the fifth grade through high school, Annie Easley attended parochial schools in Birmingham, graduating as class valedictorian. Contemporary Black Biography. Easley retired from NASA in 1989. New!! Encyclopedia.com. "African American Inventor," Southern California Edison, www.sce.com/Sc3/Templates/SupportAndervicesCategory.aspx?NRMODE=Published& NRNODEGUID=%7bC877DAF4-A8B7-492E-86EE-BFC27EA1DEA1%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2fsc3%2fInventors%2fInventorsd-h& NRCACHEHINT=Guest (February 28, 2007). To pay her tuition, Ms. Easley had to continue to work full time while she went to school part time. She encouraged Annie to get a good education. Her computer applications have been used to identify energy conversion systems that offer the improvement over commercially available technologies. Annie Easley at NASA Glenn Research Center. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. In 1949 two women earned the distinction of being the first African-America…, Wozniak, Stephen Gary Two dollars." Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. (With A. F. Kascak) Bleed Cycle Propellant Pumping in a Gas-Core Nuclear Rocket Engine System, NASA Technical Memo X-2517, March 1972. However once she had earned her degree, the Personnel Department decided that she needed more specialized courses to be considered a professional. Annie Easley Background Information Education Annie's mother always encouraged her to get a good education, and that's what Annie did. She retired in 1989. Annie Easley Timeline created by Kourtney Stege. Known as NASA's "workhorse in space," it was used to launch communications, weather, and military satellites and space vehicles, including the 1997 Cassini spacecraft to Saturn. Families are nothing other than the idolatry of duty. Easley hoped to continue her education. She remembered the test giver looking at her application and saying only, "You went to Xavier University. Sources She worked as a substitute teacher in Jefferson County, Alabama, and helped blacks prepare for the literacy tests that they were required to pass in order to register to vote. [14] The interview is stored in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center Oral History Program. [11] As part of a continuing education, Easley worked through specialization courses offered by NASA. Thus Easley undertook additional NASA-sponsored training, including a course in Houston, Texas. The 55 page interview transcript includes material on the history of the Civil Rights Movement, Glenn Research Center, Johnson Space Center, space flight, and the contribution of women to space flight. I'd much rather be out doing something actively, like on the golf course or doing other things. [5], Shortly thereafter, she moved to Cleveland to be closer to her husband's family,[6] with the intention of continuing her studies. A firm believer in education and in her mother’s advice “You can be anything you want to be, but you have to work at it,” Easley was very dedicated in her outreach efforts at NASA. . In the 1960s Easley returned to school, taking one class at a time. d. Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, 3 June 1995), electrical engineering, computer en…, Granville, Evelyn Boyd 1924– African American children were educated separately from white children, and their schools were most often inferior to white schools. She also worked on the Centaur, a high-energy booster rocket with a mixed liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen propulsion system. Warren, Wini, Black Women Scientists in the United States, Indiana University Press, 1999, pp. Since she didn't want to teach, Easley intended to become a nurse. She did volunteer work, took up snowboarding, and served as president of the Greater Cleveland Ski Council. Before civil rights laws of the 1960s, Easley helped train African Americans to take the voting test in … Among other projects, she simulated conditions for a nuclear reactor being constructed at Plum Creek, Ohio. Annie J. Easley (April 23, 1933 – June 25, 2011) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist. "Easley, Annie J. After studying at New Orleans' Xavier University and pursuing a career as a pharmacist, she earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Cleveland State University. Salary: Median—$62,890 per year (John Adam) Presper, Jr. Annie's mother told her that she could be anything she wanted but she would have to work at it. [10], Annie Easley was interviewed in Cleveland on August 21, 2001 by Sandra Johnson. Early life and education. (With A. F. Kascak) Effect of Turbulent Mixing on Average Fuel Temperatures in a Gas-Core Nuclear Rocket Engine, NASA Technical Note D-4882, November, 1968. Employment Outlook: Fair Although NASA generally paid for work-related employee education, Easley was always turned down for aid and so she paid for her own courses. : See more Art and Culture timelines. She told Johnson: "I'm out here to do a job and I knew I had the ability to do it, and that's where my focus was, on getting the job done. She worked for the Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). She began her career as a mathematician and computer engineer at the NACA Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory (which became NASA Lewis Research Center, 1958–1999, and subsequently the John H. Glenn Research Center) in Cleveland, Ohio. [7], Easley was also a budding athlete who founded and subsequently became the first President of the NASA Ski Club and participated in other local ski clubs. 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