Share Your PDF File The main concern was to foster self help, and the adoption of ‘healt… Effective Instructional Supervision involves raising student achievement and creating valuable educational opportunities for students. According to M. S. Vitoles, supervision refers to the direct, immediate guidance and control of subordinates in the performance of their jobs. If there are too many links in the chain of authority from the chief executive to the shop-floor, the supervisor is bound to feel lost. All of this will result in substantial expenditure both in terms of money as well as effort. However, the purpose of instructional supervision are formative, concerned with on-going, developmental, and differentiated approaches that enable teachers to learn from He inspires team work and secures maximum co-operation from the employees. Guidelines for evolving the optimum span of supervision are: i. Definition of Educational Supervision: “Supervision is an expert technical service primarily concerned with studying and improving the conditions that surround learning and pupil growth” – A.S.Barr. A supervisor compares the actual performance of workers against the standards laid down and identifies weaknesses of workers and suggests corrective measures to overcome them. Supervision of teacher is the means by which subordinate staff of the school are mobilized and motivated towards the full attainment of the goals and objectives of the school they serve. Introduce new, useful and scientific methods of production and administration, 14. Therefore, management is judged as he/ she is judged by the workers. 1 0 obj<> endobj 2 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 3 0 obj<>stream (1) To see, they are working, according to plans, policies, programmes, instructions and the time schedule, (2) To guide them at the work if they are doing something inconsistent to directions given and need help so as to let them able to accomplish their assigned task, and. Techniques 8. 4. There is also limitation as regards the multiple complex jobs that he can effectively supervise. Principles define the items which must be scrutinized in evaluating results. (d) Frequent clash of views between supervisor and his superior. Top management supervises managers whereas supervisor supervises workers. A manager is a human being with natural limitations as regards the time and energy he can devote to the activities falling under his supervision. As a leader of his section, he has to capitalise human emotions, sentiments, and attitudes for maximum productivity without sacrificing employee satisfaction. Terry. Whenever possible, the supervisor assigns to a person a job he likes best. He must have good relations with his superiors by way of encouragement. Such span of supervision gives the organization chart a flattened or “spread out” appearance. Purposeful duties create interest and vitality in the work and offer job satisfaction to employees. task or assessment of fault-finding and fact-finding in many job settings Instructional supervision has been narrowly considered as the observation of a performer (teacher) by a generally-agreed-to-be-excellent performer (supervisor). His suggestions are received with appreciation and due attention is paid to it. According to Owoeye (2002) supervision is “that part of school administration which has particular pertinence for the appropriateness of instructional expectations (products) of educational programmes”. They rightly feel that their efficient performance may not get due recognition, but delay in performance on their part will invite quick rebuke and punishment. 4. Some workers may sit idle whereas others may be overburdened if work is not properly assigned. (6) Knowledge and Execution of Company Plans and Policies: The best supervisor knows fully the plans and policies of management and he executes them thoroughly. Effective school and district-based leaders also possess sophisticated decision-making and problem solving skills, can effectively analyze data to … The term “supervision” is a specialized function within this overall objective. In other words, if teachers can share their knowledge with other teachers, they can improve their professional development through the process. 3. According to this view, a supervisor is just like a worker lacking authority and having a feeling that he/she is not part of management. Supervision of instruction is designed to meet this developmental need in order to maintain effective education and provide sufficient resources for teachers. Because there are several supervisors, each having authority over the same group of subordinates and each supervisor holding them accountable for jobs performed by them individually, misunderstandings among supervisor are bound to crop up. The best supervisor tries to consider each person’s strength and weaknesses and how men work together before he makes any job assignments. The literal meaning of the term ‘supervision’ is to ‘oversee’ or ‘to inspect the work of other persons’. This means, human relations play a significant role in productivity. Employee orientation – High-producing supervisors take more personal interest in their subordinates—their training, promotion, motivation and so on. Title: EDU 5818 INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION 1 EDU 5818 INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION SEM 1 2011-12 EDU 5818 INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION Dr. Ramli Bin Basri Jabatan Asas Pendidikan Fakulti Pengajian Pendidikan Universiti Putra Malaysia Room G28 Tel 019 224 1332 SMS PREFERED Emel ramlibasri_at_putra.upm.edu.my 2 L1-DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION According to Vitiates – “Supervision refers to the direct and immediate guidance and control of subordinates in the performance of their task.” Thus, the supervision is concerned with three main functions of management, i.e., direction, immediate guidance and control with a view —. It involved the recruitment, organization and oversight of a large number of volunteers and, later, paid workers. He gives equal emphasis on his personal growth as well as on the growth of his subordinates. Instructional supervision is defined by various authors as a type of school-based (in- school) supervision carried out by the school personnel (principals, department heads, senior teachers, and appointed supervisors) aimed at providing guidance, support, and encouragement to teachers for their professional development and improvement in the teaching-learning process, which relay on the system that is … Research in supervisory performance has indicated the following factors describing the performance of the best supervisor. “Supervision has gradually moved from the improvement of instruction to the improvement of learning”-Harold Spears. Correct the mistakes of his/her subordinates, 13. Enforce rules and regulations with equity and justice; vi. Have a clear understanding about his/her plan of action, 15. Teachers in schools where instructional supervision was adequate were more effective than those that had inadequate instructional supervision. A production-oriented supervisor tends to supervise closely, that is, in terms of specific procedures and schedules to be followed rather than in terms of goals to be achieved through team work. Supervision is a Latin Word. In addition, there are clerks to look after the administrative work that goes with the activity of production. Solve personal problems of his/her subordinates to the extent possible, 11. So, Taylor divided the foreman’s job into a number of different functions and provided a separate supervisor for each function. A supervisor should treat his subordinates as human beings. Workers feel frustrated when the work being done by them is not properly arranged. This course explores the rationales, assumptions, processes, and implications related to a variety of instructional supervision practices and contexts associated with supervision of instruction and teacher growth. Divide responsibilities and duties to his/her subordinates rationally and scientifically, 17. Principal instructional supervision can directly influence teachers’ professional development; knowledge sharing can mediate this effect and indirectly improve teachers’ professional development. The volunteers were commonly known as ‘visitors’. Super means ‘from the above’ and vision means ‘to see’. Factors that Affect the Effectiveness of IS Further, they are getting all possible help in accomplishing their assigned work. It is he who can help in getting optimum utilization of manpower. A good leader should not argue but listen carefully and issue orders only after careful listening. SUPERVISION OF INSTRUCTION 4. • Supervision should be democratic. The excellence of a su pervisor rests upon having proven teaching ability and proven mastery of content. 2. Levels and Problems 10. Gathering Data Three main sources of information help identify a teacher's competency on the four SB 813 criteria. Content Guidelines 2. Instructional supervision is a collegial, collaborative way of offering help to improve instruction (Olivia &Pawlas, 2004). He develops a knack of saying the right thing at the right time, does not lose control even under pressure or tension and evinces a good sense of humour. He is the person to toe the lines as suggested by his superior though he is directly responsible to get the work done. All this has a demoralizing effect on supervisors and their operative subordinates. In any case, most organizations regard expenditure on levels of supervision as unproductive, therefore unnecessary. This should be carefully understood that the supervisor should not depend on a single technique. Supervision of instruction must be built on the observer's thorough understanding and in-depth knowledge of instructional theory, not on a check list of what should be in a lesson. A sub-ordinate can give better performance when he knows the work he is supposed to do. Second, the line supervisor can benefit from the expert advice of staff executives who are specialists in their respective fields of work. While theories about the principles and purposes of educational supervision abound, it has … It depends on a number of considerations. According to Gallup, 50% of US adults have left their job to get away from their manager. Thus, under functional supervision, operating workers have five supervisors, four of them being responsible for planning, and one “gang boss” to look after execution. The Practices and Challenges of Instructional Supervision LETTER OF APPROVAL This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Berhane Assefa Ekyaw entitled “The Practices and Challenges of Instructional Supervision in Asossa Zone Primary Schools” and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Educational This is just opposite of the autocratic technique. On the basis of the research studies conducted by the University of Michigan, Harrell has mentioned the following four supervisory practices which are consistently related to the productivity of a group –. Last, the supervisor, being the man on the spot, is under no obligation to accept the advice offered by specialists. 5. According to this sociological concept, supervisor is either left out of main activities and influences affecting his/her department or he/she is just on the margin. 2. • Supervisor should always think herself as a leader so as to give guidance help and encouragement. In this way, the primary objective of a supervisor is to help in getting the production maximised both quality- and quantity-wise. (4) Do Not Enter into Arguments with Subordinates: Under no circumstances should the superior indulge in argument with his subordinates, because, if he fails to persuade or convince by his arguments, he is liable to issue orders to vindicate his point of view. F.W. 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